This page links and, where possible, accessible copies of all of the publications arising from the FLAME project and the approaches (theoretical and practical) which it adopts. Follow us on Wordpress, Twitter, and Facebook, or subscribe to our RSS feed to recieve updates on new and upcoming publications.
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Sainsbury, V.A., Bray, P., Gosden, C. and Pollard, A.M. (2021) Mutable objects, places and chronologies. Antiquity 95, 215-227.
Liu, R., Hsu,Y-K; Pollard, A.M.; Chen, G. (2021) A new perspective towards the debate on highly radiogenic lead in Chinese archaeometallurgy. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 13.33.
Hommel, P., Bray, P.J., Khvostikov, V.A., Karandashev, V.K., Yu, Loboda, A., Kolchin, A.S, and Shishlina, NI. (2020) ИЗУЧЕНИЕ СЕРЕБРЯНЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ БОРОДИНСКОГО КЛАДА: НОВОЕ ОБ ИЗВЕСТНОМ (The analysis and interpretation of the gold, silver and copper alloy artefacts in the Borodino Treasure). In N. Shishlina (ed.) Borodino Treasure of the Heroic Era of the Bronze Age: natural science and historical context, 136-152. Proceedings of the State Historical Museum, Moscow. Moscow (In Russia).
Pollard, A.M. and Liu, R. (2021) Bronze Alloying Practice in Ancient China - Evidence from Pre-Qin Coin Analyses. Journal of Archaeological Science 126, 105322.
Perucchetti L., Bray, P., Felicetti A., Sainsbury, V., Howarth, P., Saunders, M.K., Hommel, P. and Pollard, M. (2020). FLAME‐D Database: An Integrated System for the Study of Archaeometallurgy. Archaeometry Early View.
Liu, R., Pollard, A.M., Cao, Q., Liu, C., Sainsbury, V., Howarth, P., Bray, P., Huan, L., Yao, B., Fu, Y., and Tang, J. (2020). Social hierarchy and the recycling of metal at Anyang, the Capital of Bronze Age China. Scientific Reports 10, 18794.
Perucchetti, L., Northover, J.P., AND David-Elbialic, M. (2020). What is a dagger? A metallurgical interpretation of three metal daggers from western Switzerland dated from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 30, 102251.
Chen, G., Cui, Y., Liu, R., Wang, H., Yang, Y., Pollard, A.M. and Li, Y., (2020)Lead isotopic analyses of copper ores in the Early Bronze Age central Hexi Corridor, north-west China. Archaeometry 62, 952-964.
Bray. P.J. (2020) Modelling Roman concepts of copper-alloy recycling and mutability: the chemical characterisation hypothesis and Roman Britain. In C. Duckworth and A. Wilson (eds.) Recycling and Reuse in the Roman Economy. Oxford, Oxford Studies on the Roman Economy.
Pollard, A.M. (2020, from 2018). Archaeometallurgical chemistry 1870-1920: The high point of gravimetric analysis. Historical Metallurgy 52(2), 110-117
Gibson, C., Bray, P.J., Cleary, K., Fernández-Palacios, F., and Koch, J. (2019) Mapping the flow: introduction to Atlantic Europe and the Metal Ages Project. In D. Brandherm, (ed.) Aspects of the Bronze Age in the Atlantic Archipelago and Beyond, 77-100. Hagen, Westf.: Curach Bhán Publications
Liu, C., Liu, R. Zhou, P., Lu, C., Yang, Z., Pollard, A.M., Hommel, P., Ma, J., Cui, J., Bray, P., Tong, J., and Rawson, J. (2020). Metallurgy at the Crossroads: New Analyses of Copper‐based Objects at Tianshanbeilu, Eastern Xinjiang, China. Acta Geologica Sinica 94, 594-602.
Bray, P.J. and Gilmour, B. (2020) Analysis of an Early Bronze Age Axe from Little Sark. In B. Cunliffe (ed.) Sark: A Sacred Island?, 333-334. Oxford
Liu, R., Pollard, A.M., Liu, C. and Rawson, J. (2020). Every Cloud has a Silver Lining: using silver concentration to identify the number of sources of lead used in Shang Dynasty. Acta Geologica Sinica 94, 585-593.
Perucchetti L., Montero-Ruiz, I. and Bray, P.(2020). Mapping archaeometallurgical data of the Iberian Copper Age: Different ways to look at a big picture. Journal of Archaeological Science 119, 105165
Pollard, A.M. (2020, from 2018). Johann Christian Wiegleb and the first published chemical analyses of archaeological bronzes. Historical Metallurgy 52(2), 48-54
Liu, R. Pollard, A.M., Rawson, J., Tang, X. and Zhang, C. (2019). Panlongcheng, Zhengzhou and the Movement of Metal in Early Bronze Age China. Journal of World Prehistory 32, 393–428
Bray, P.J. (2019) Biography, prosopography, and the density of scientific data: Some arguments from the metallurgy of Early Bronze Age Britain and Ireland. In Armada, X.-L., Murillo Barosso, M., and Charlton, M. (eds) Metals, minds and mobility: Integrating scientific data with archaeological theory. 123-134. Oxford: Oxbow Books
Zhang, C., Pollard, A.M., Rawson, J., Huan, L., Liu, R. and Tang, X. (2019). China's major Late Neolithic centres and the rise of Erlitou. Antiquity 93, 588-603.
Radivojević, M, Roberts, B.W., Pernicka, E., Stos-Gale, Z., Martinón-Torres, M., Rehren, T., Bray, P., Brandherm, D., Ling, J., Mei, J-J., Vandkilde, H., Kristiansen, K., Shennan, S.J., and Broodbank, C. (2019) The Provenance, Use, and Circulation of Metals in the European Bronze Age: The State of Debate. Journal of Archaeological Research. 27: 131-185
Pollard, A.M., Liu, R., Rawson, J. and Tang, X. (2019). From alloy composition to alloying practice: Chinese bronzes. Archaeometry 61, 70-82.
Bray, P.J. (2019) Chemistry and Bronze Age metals in Atlantic Europe: Flows of ideas and material. In B. Cunliffe and J. Koch (eds.) Exploring Celtic Origins, 117-153. Oxford: Oxbow
Liu, R., Pollard, A.M. and Rawson, J. (2018). Beyond ritual bronzes: multiple sources of radiogenic lead used across Chinese history. Nature Scientific Reports 8, Article number: 11770.
Pollard, A.M., Rawson, J. and Liu, R. (2018). Some recently rediscovered analyses of Chinese bronzes from Oxford. Archaeometry 60 118-127.
Hsu, Y.-K., Rawson, J., Pollard, A.M. Ma, Q., Luo, F., Yao, P.-H. and Shen, C.-C. (2018). Application of kernel density estimates to lead isotope compositions of bronzes from Ningxia, Northwest China. Archaeometry 60 128-143.
Pollard, A.M. with Bray, P., Cuénod, A., Hommel, P., Hsu, Y.-K., Liu, R., Perucchetti, L., Pouncett, J., and Saunders, M. (2018). Beyond Provenance: The interpretation of chemical and isotopic data in archaeological bronzes. Studies in Archaeological Science: University of Leuven Press
Jin, Z.Y., Liu, R., Rawson, J. and Pollard, A.M. (2017). Revisiting lead isotope data in Shang and Western Zhou bronzes. Antiquity 91 1574-1587.
Ruiliang, L., Pollard, A.M., Rawson, J. and Xiaojia, T. (2017). 共性、差异与解读：运用牛津研究体系探究早商郑州与盘龙城之间的金属流通 (Revisiting the movement of metal between Zhengzhou and Panlongcheng in early Bronze Age China). Jianghan Kaogu, 111-121 (In Chinese).
Zhangsun, Y.Z.; Lui, R.L., Jin, Z.Y., Pollard, A.M., Lu, X., Bray, P.J, Fan, A. and Huang, F. (2017). Lead isotope analyses revealed the key role of Chang’an in the mirror production and distribution network during the Han dynasty. Archaeometry 59 685-713.
Pollard, A.M., Bray, P., Hommel, P., Hsu, Y.-K., Liu, R. and Rawson, J. (2017). Bronze Age metal circulation in China. Antiquity 91 674-687.
Pollard, A.M., Bray, P., Hommel, P., Hsu, Y.-K., Liu, R., and Rawson, J. (2017). 牛津研究体系在中国古代青铜器研究中的应用 (Applying the Oxford System to further understand Bronzes in China). Kaogu 1 95-106 (In Chinese).
A.M. Pollard, P. Bray, P. Hommel, Y.-K. Hsu, R. Liu and J. Rawson (2017). Bronze Age metal circulation in ChinaAntiquity 91 674–687.
Pollard, A. M., P. Bray, P. Hommel, Y.-K. Hsu, R. Liu, and J. Rawson (2017). Applying Oxford System to further understand bronzes in ancient China 牛津研究体系在中国古代青铜器研究中的应用Kaogu 2017(1), 95-106.
Zhangsun, Y. Z., Liu, R. L., Jin, Z. Y., Pollard, A. M., Lu, X., Bray, P. J., Huang, F. (2017). Lead Isotope Analyses Revealed the Key Role of Chang'an in the Mirror Production and Distribution Network During the Han DynastyArchaeometry
Jin, Z.Y., Liu, R., Rawson, J. and Pollard, A.M. (2017). Revisiting lead isotope data in Shang and Western Zhou bronzes. Antiquity 91 1574-1587.
Bray, P.J. (2016) Metal, metalwork and specialisation: The chemical composition of British Bronze Age swords in context. In Koch, J.T and Cunliffe, B.W. (eds.) Celtic from the West 3 : Atlantic Europe in the Metal Ages : questions of shared language. Oxford: Oxbow Books
Liu R., A.M. Pollard, J. Rawson and X. Tang (2017). 共性、差异与解读：运用牛津研究体系探究早商郑州与盘龙城之间的金属流通 (Revisiting the movement of metal between Zhengzhou and Panlongcheng in early Bronze Age China). Jianghan Kaogu, 111-121 (In Chinese).
Bray, P.J. (2016) The Saltonstall Early Bronze Age Axe, Prehistoric Yorkshire, 53: 99-103
Pollard, A.M. (2016). The first hundred years of archaeometallurgical chemistry: Pownall (1775) to von Bibra (1869). Historical Metallurgy 49(1), 37–49. Antiquity 88 625-631.
Hsu, Y.K., Bray, P.J., Hommel, P., Pollard, A.M., and Rawson, J. (2016). Tracing the flows of copper and copper alloys in the Early Iron Age societies of the eastern Eurasian steppe. Antiquity 90 357-375.
Pollard, A.M. and Bray, P.J. (2015) The Archaeological Bazaar: Scientific methods for sale? Or: ‘Putting the ‘Arch-’ back into Archaeometry’ In A. Wylie and B. Chapman (Eds.) Material Culture as Evidence. London: Routledge
Cuénod, A., Bray, P. and Pollard, A.M. (2015). The ‘tin problem’ in the Near East – further insights from a study of chemical datasets on copper alloys from Iran and Mesopotamia. Iran LIII 29-48.
Pollard, A.M. and Bray, P.J. (2015). A new method for combining lead isotope and lead abundance data to characterise archaeological copper alloys. Archaeometry 57 996–1008.
Perucchetti, L., Bray, P., Dolfini, A. and Pollard, A.M. (2015). Physical barriers, cultural connections: prehistoric metallurgy in the Alpine region. European Journal of Archaeology 18 599–632.
Bray, P.J. (2015) The role and use of daggers in British Early Bronze Age society: Insights from their chemical composition. In J. Hunter and A. Woodward (eds.) Ritual in Early Bronze Age Grave Groups. Oxford: Oxbow Books
Liu, R., Bray, P., Pollard, A.M., and Hommel, P. (2015). Chemical analysis of ancient Chinese Bronzes: past, present and future. Archaeological Research in Asia 3 1–8, July 2015 (doi:10.1016/j.ara.2015.04.002).
Pollard, A.M., Bray, P., Gosden, C., Wilson, A. and Hamerow, H. (2015). Characterising copper-based metals in Britain in the First Millennium AD: A preliminary quantification of metal flow and recycling. Antiquity 89 697–713.
Bray, P., Cuénod, A., Gosden, C., Hommel, P., Liu, R. and Pollard, A.M. (2015). Form and flow: the ‘karmic cycle’ of copper. Journal of Archaeological Science 56 202-209.
Pollard, A.M. and Bray, P. (2014). Chemical and isotopic studies of ancient metals. In Roberts B.W. and Thornton C.P. (eds.) Archaeometallurgy in Global Perspective, Springer: New York, pp. 217-237.
Pollard, A.M., Bray, P.J. and Gosden, C. (2014). Is there something missing in scientific provenance studies of prehistoric artefacts? Antiquity 88 625-631.
Bray, P.J. and Pollard, A.M. (2012). A new interpretative approach to the chemistry of copper-alloy objects: source, recycling and technology. Antiquity 86 853-867.
